Securing cargo is an essential criterion in the transport sector, and there are several securing techniques depending on the type of goods being transported. We will look at what securing cargo involves and how to secure your load properly using the various techniques available.
Definition of securing
Securing is a technique that keeps cargo safely in place during transport, preventing it from moving, whether it is being transported by truck or car. Proper securing is done using straps, chains, or lashing bars that stabilize the goods throughout transport.
Please note: lashing is not the same as mooring, which involves tying two objects together with a rope, for example, when the two items need to remain attached. This term is most often used in the maritime sector.
**For trucks, the tension force is measured in mooring capacity.
What are the different stowage techniques?
The stowage technique depends on the type of load to be transported. Here are four stowage techniques that allow a load to be transported safely:
The lashing technique
This securing technique aims to lock the load onto the body using a mechanical system placed at the four corners of the body on containers.
The floor wedging technique
This lashing technique involves using wedges already locked into the truck bed to immobilize the goods. This technique can only be used for transporting goods that do not require a very high load height.
Blocking lashing technique
This lashing technique involves filling any empty spaces sufficiently to block the load.
Floor lashing technique
This securing technique involves blocking and strapping the load to a platform using chains, tensioners, or straps.
It is also possible to combine several techniques, for example: floor lashing combined with floor blocking. This combination makes it possible to cope with horizontal movement or tipping of the goods.
What are the most commonly used tools for securing loads?
Among the many load securing tools available on the market, we will look at three that are most commonly used for transporting loads:
The load securing strap
The load securing strap consists of three parts:
- The strap, made of synthetic fibers or polyester,
- A fastening system,
- A tensioning system.
There is a standard that must be clearly indicated when purchasing lashing straps: EN12195-2 or equivalent. Without this indication, it is best not to use them.
Use: covering or friction lashing, direct lashing.
Advantages: high resistance to corrosive acids, several widths available and lashing capacities (DaN).
Wear: each time you use it, it is best to check the metal system; the strap must not have any cuts or fraying, and the seams must be intact.
The lashing chain
The lashing chain can consist of three parts:
- A high-strength steel or stainless steel link chain.
- Safety latch hooks or shorteners, as needed, attached to one end of the chain.
- Chain tensioners for continuous tightening and endless adjustment for road and sea transport and public works.
There must be an identification plate on the lashing chain indicating the standard.
Use: securing heavy loads. Short links for large handling equipment, public works, steel profiles. Long links for transporting wood.
Advantages: its strength and load capacity. Secures or restrains a load.
Wear: each time it is used, check that there is no deformation, cracks, wear marks, or signs of corrosion on the lashing chain. If there are any defects, remove it from service. The same applies to accessories: hooks and other end fittings.
Lashing cable
Lashing cable consists of a number of steel wires (individual strands arranged in a spiral around a core, ensuring strength and flexibility).
To ensure the strength of the lashing cable, it must have a bending diameter 6 times greater than the diameter of the cable.
Use: transporting metal mesh, round timber. Same use as lashing chains.
Advantages: strength, load capacity.
Wear: a person with the necessary skills must frequently and carefully check the condition of lashing cables. In the event of breakage, significant wear, or if the cable is damaged or deformed, it must no longer be used.
How to secure a load successfully?
Firstly, the vehicle used must have the necessary bodywork with the securing points required for the use of securing accessories. It is also a good idea to have anti-slip, wedging, and protective accessories, depending on the type of goods being transported.
Ideally, securing should be done by a trained professional.
Step 1
Check the weight of the load, the coefficient of friction, and the dynamic forces caused by driving. In order to make an accurate calculation, use the EN12195 standard, which includes the mathematical formula provided for this purpose.
Step 2
Start by securing the long part before securing the shorter part. The strap must not twist so as not to lose its pressure capacity. Then fit the corner protectors and protective covers to ensure maximum safety for the load and the loading equipment during transport.
Step 3
Use the tensioner to adjust the tension of the strap (click tensioner or reverse tensioner). Once the handle is open, position the grooved shaft in the correct position to insert the strap. The part without a hook or accessory must be inserted into the splined shaft, then simply pull on the strap so that it adjusts to the load. Tighten the tensioner until the required pressure is achieved, check its position, lock it in place, and then close the handle.